Does Incest Cause Homosexuality?

Authors: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: A random sample of 5,182 adults from 6 U.S. metropolitan areas were questioned about incestuous sexual relationships during childhood. Incest was disproportionately reported by both male and female bisexuals and homosexuals. 148 gays (7.7% of the sample) reported 14 (50%) of same-sex, and 7 (22%) of opposite-sex incestuous experiences, and 20 (69%) of same-sex and 2 (3%) of opposite-sex sexual experiences with other relatives. 88 lesbians (3% of the sample) reported 2 (33%) of same-sex incest and 7 (9%) of opposite-sex incest and 1 (17%) of same-sex and 10 (13%) of opposite-sex sexual experiences with other relatives. 12% of 98 male homosexuals vs 0.8% of 1,224 male heterosexuals with a brother reported brother-brother incest. These findings are consonant with those of other studies in which disproportionately more incest by homosexuals was reported. As opposed to an evolutionary genetic hypothesis, these data support the alternative that homosexuality may be learned, since homosexuals do not produce children at sustainable levels and the incidence of homosexuality varies as a function of various social factors. Incest cannot be excluded as a significant basis for homosexuality.

References: Psychological Reports, 1995, 76, 611-621.

Psychology of the Scientist: LXXXV. Research on Homosexuality: A Response to Schumm (and Herek)

Authors: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: Because social science is “messy,” just about any criticism of any work — including our efforts — has validity. But the empiricist principle is more important than a theoretical search for perfection in research. The findings from our 1983-1984 nationwide random survey are superior to earlier efforts and similar enough to those reported by the 1992 nationwide random survey conducted by University of Chicago investigators, the 1994 British effort, and the 1996 NHSDA to suggest all approximate “a similar truth about reported sexuality.”

References: Psychological Reports, 2003, 92, 259-274.
Homosexual Partnerships and Homosexual Longevity: A Replication

Author: Paul Cameron

Summary: Replicating previous findings that homosexuals are underrepresented after middle age, the 1996 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse (N = 12,381) and 2000 Kaiser Family Foundation 15-city survey (N = 405) reported that homosexual men and women are seldom aged 50+ yr. and that older homosexuals are more apt to have a homosexual partner. Deaths of 228 homosexuals as recorded in the Washington Blade 1999-2001 were examined. Although more apt to have a partner when older, the median age of death of 88 homosexually partnered men was 45 yr., while for 118 unpartnered homosexual men it was 46 yr. This is consistent with the suggestion that homosexual partnering may be an additional hazard to men.

References: Psychological Reports, 2002, 91, 671-678.
Oddities in Kirkpatrick, Et Al.’s Study of Children of Lesbian Mothers

Author: Paul Cameron

Summary: Kirkpatrick, et al.’s 1976 study of what happened to 20 lesbians’ children has received considerable attention, apparently later being matched with 20 heterosexuals’ children. In 2004, Kirkpatrick generally acknowledged Schumm’s caution that her findings are less impressive than are needed, yet, Kirkpatrick stated her “early findings have been reinforced” and that “no evidence of differences in the children grouped by the mother’s sexual orientation” have been documented by subsequent research. Close examination of the data of these studies indicates that children from 13 lesbian mothers were compared with children from 13 divorced heterosexuals. Further, there are contradictions between the published reports regarding the nature of samples and various findings. Analysis of Kirkpatrick, et al.’s study suggests that children do less well when raised by homosexual parents.

References: Psychological Reports, 2005, 96, 397-407.
Child Molestation and Homosexuality

Authors: Paul Cameron, Kay Proctor, William Coburn, Jr., Nels Forde, Helen Larson, and Kirk Cameron

Summary: How much child molestation occurs in our society and how much is homosexual? Random-probability samples in Los Angeles, Denver, Omaha, Louisville, and Washington, DC yielded 4,340 adults who answered an extensive questionnaire regarding sexual attitudes, activities, and experiences. Results indicate that perhaps 16% of both boys and girls claim sexual relations with an adult before the age of 16; if only experiences with men are counted about 5% of boys and 15% of girls claim sexual involvements. Sexual contacts with adults before respondents were aged 13 were claimed by 9% of boys and 7% of girls; if only experiences with men are counted, only 3% of boys claimed molestation. Considering only children’s claims of sex with men, about a third were homosexual molestations. About 1% of females claimed some sexual involvement with their fathers and a alike number with stepfathers. The latter were considerably more apt to be considered “serious.” About 1% of elementary pupils and 3% of secondary pupils claimed sexual advances by  teachers and about a third of these advances resulted in physical sexual contact. Bisexuals or homosexuals claimed much more frequent sexual contact with caretakers, and homosexuality was disproportionately implicated in sexual events under caretakers’ charge. No generational differences in rate of claims of sexual molestation were found.

References: Psychological Reports, 1986, 58, 327-337.
Domestic Violence Among Homosexual Partners

Author: Paul Cameron

Summary: Is domestic violence more frequent in homosexual partnerships? The 1996 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse, based upon a random sample of 12,381 adults aged 18 to 59 years, estimated that 828,900 men and 828,678 women engaged in homosexuality in the prior 12 months. Random surveys indicated that at any given time, 29% of homosexual men and 32% of homosexual women are in same-sex partnerships. The National Criminal Victimization Survey for 1993 to 1999 reported that 0.24% of married women and 0.035% of married men were victims of domestic violence annually versus 4.6% of the men and 5.8% of the women reporting same-sex partnerships. Domestic violence appears to be more frequently reported in same-sex partnerships than among the married.

References: Psychological Reports, 2003, 93, 410-416.
Molestations by Homosexual Foster Parents: Newspaper Accounts vs Official Records

Author: Paul Cameron

Summary: To assess whether a systematic tally of newspaper accounts reflects official foster-parent molestation a review o f6,444 news stories on Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe from 1989 through 2002 about child molestation yielded 33 stories involving foster parents. Of the 25 foster-parent perpetrators, at least 15 (60%) engaged in homosexuality. In Illinois 1997-2002, 92 (34%) of 270 foster- or adoptive-parent perpetrators who engaged in “substantiated” sexual abuse homosexually abused their charges. These findings suggest that the proportion of homosexual perpetrators in a systematic tally of newspaper stories is similar to the proportion of homosexual perpetrators in datasets from large entities and put in question the current policy of utilizing homosexuals as foster and adoptive parents.

References: Psychological Reports, 2003, 93, 793-802.
Children of Homosexual Parents Report Childhood Difficulties

Authors: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: Referenced as both supporting and weakening the case for parenting by homosexuals, 57 life-story narratives of children with homosexual parents published by Rafkin in 1990 and Saffron in 1996 were subjected to content analysis. Children mentioned one or more problems or concerns in 48 (92%) of 52 families. Of the 213 scored problems, 201 (94%) were attributed to the homosexual parent(s). Older daughters in at least 8 (27%) of 30 families and older sons in at least 2 (20%) of 10 families described themselves as homosexual or bisexual. These findings are inconsistent with propositions that children of homosexuals do not differ appreciably from those who live with married parents or that children of homosexuals are not more apt to engage in homosexuality.

References: Psychological Reports, 2002, 90, 71-82.
What Proportion of Heterosexuals is Ex-Homosexual?

Author: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: How many heterosexuals are ‘ex-homosexuals’? In 1984, a random sample of Dallas adults indicated that 8 (2.7%) of 294 currently heterosexual men and 4 (1.0%) of 393 currently heterosexual women said that they were ex-homosexual. Of an urban sample from 5 additional cities, 0.5% of current heterosexuals reported that they had been homosexually ‘married.’ It thus appears that perhaps 1-2% of heterosexuals are ex-homosexuals. Proportionately more adults than teenagers and more men than women moved from homosexuality to heterosexuality. Of the 18 who changed, 12 became heterosexual and 6 bisexual, suggesting that perhaps two-thirds of those who abandon “being” homosexual ‘become’ heterosexual and a third ‘become’ bisexual. Because labeling oneself ‘homosexual’ is so mutable and value-laden, the term ‘omnisexual’ is suggested.

References: Psychological Reports, 2002, 91, 1087-1097.
Sexual Orientation and Sexually Transmitted Disease

Author: Paul Cameron, Kay Proctor, William Coburn, Jr., and Nels Forde

Summary: 4,340 adults randomly drawn from five metropolitan areas were questionnaired about their sexual orientation, involvement with unusual sexual practices (e.g., sadomasochism, bondage & discipline), oral/anal sex, number of homo- and heterosexual partners, and sexually transmitted disease (STD) experience. Bi/homosexuals of both genders (4.4% of the sample) reported higher lifetime rates for most of the STDs and admitted to higher rates of deliberate infection of others than their heterosexual counterparts. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that degree of participation in unusual sexual practices, anal/oral contact, age and number of homosexual partners predicted STD experience. Younger adults and homosexuals more frequently reported engaging in both unusual sexual activities, oral/anal contact, and having had STD experience. Homosexuals appear to contribute no less than 15% of the nation’s STDs and probably act as a significant vector in generating additional fractions to the STD pool.

References: Nebraska Medical Journal, 1985, 70(8), 292-299.
Homosexual Parents: Testing “Common Sense” — A Literature Review Emphasizing the Golombok and Tasker

Author: Paul Cameron

Summary: Counter to claims by the American Psychological Association and the National Association of Social Workers as well as numerous reviewers that children raised by homosexuals and married heterosexuals do not differ, the elaborate social-personality theory called “common sense” predicts that because “like produces like” and because psychopathy/sociopathy informs the major expressions of social deviance including homosexuality, children of homosexuals will (1) be more frequently subjected to parental instability (of residence and sexual partners) and (2) have poorer peer and adult relationships. Also, as is held to be true of their parents, homosexuals’ children will be more apt to (3) become homosexual, (4) be unstable (have emotional problems and difficulty forming lasting bonds) with reduced interest in natility, and (5) be sexually precocious and promiscuous. Differences between homosexual and heterosexual comparison groups that bore on “common sense” were considered suggestive “bits” of empirical evidence. Differences that emerged within studies conducted by sympathetic researchers utilizing volunteer samples were considered bits of adverse evidence. Of 171 bits, 82 adverse and 55 nonadverse bits supported, while 34 bits fell against “common sense.” From this tentative method of counting, support was found for common sense beliefs that children of homosexuals will be more apt to become homosexual and have poorer peer relationships, while weaker support was found for some of the other predictions. As assessed in this way, the empirical evidence in the literature tended to lean against claims of “no differences” between children raised by homosexuals
Homosexual Parents: A Comparative Forensic Study of Character and Harms to Children

Authors: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: 40 appeals cases of custody disputes drawn systematically from all cases involving a homosexual parent in the United States were compared to 38 appeals cases involving heterosexual custody disputes drawn randomly from listings under parental “character” and 18 appeals cases drawn randomly from “general” cases in Dicennial Digest from 1966 to 1991. Each case involving homosexual vs heterosexual claimants was examined for recorded information about (1) the character of the homosexual parent, the associates of the homosexual parent, the heterosexual parent, and the associates of the heterosexual parent, (2) the effects, particularly harms, upon the child(ren), and (3) psychiatric opinion. 82% of the homosexual vs 18% of the heterosexual parents and 54% of the homosexual’s associates vs 19% of the heterosexual’s associates were recorded as having poor character in cases involving a homosexual claimant. Of the 66 recorded harms, e.g., molestation, physical abuse, to the 73 children, homosexual persons accounted for 64 (97%). Of the 32 lesbians, 6 were recorded as having engaged in criminal activity and 3 of bringing false charges of child sexual abuse against the father. Psychiatric opinion, however, ran 25 to 12 in favor of custody for the homosexual parent. In the 56 heterosexual vs heterosexual comparison cases, 38% of the heterosexual parents and 28% of their associates were recorded as having poor character. Six harms to their 105 children and 3 instances of criminality but no false charges of sexual abuse were recorded. In the appeals court literature, homosexual parents were disproportionately of poor character and disproportionately associated with various harms to their children.

AIDS — Intervention Works; “Education” is Questionable

Authors: Paul Cameron and William L. Playfair

Summary: A decrease in or leveling off of new cases of transfusion-related AIDS coupled with continued increases in homosexual and IV drug cases suggests that intervention by barring contaminated blood has worked and “education” has worked less well, if at all. Current evidence suggests that the blood-bar resulted in change in new AIDS cases among children within 3 years and among adults within 3 1/2 years.

References: Psychological Reports, 1991, 68, 467-470.
Do Homosexual Teachers Account for About Half of News Stories of Molestations of Pupils?

Author: Paul Cameron

Summary: Homosexual interaction was involved in 11 (48%) of 23 and 10 (45%) of 22, that is, about half of two nationwide databases of newspaper stories about teachers’ sexual involvement with pupils reported by Cameron and Cameron in 1998. Whether this relationship holds at a local level was examined by searching all indexed ‘sex crimes’ in the Boston Globe from 1991 through 1998 for local stories about sex between pupil and teacher. Of the 21 teachers in 20 stories, 11 (52%) interacted homosexually with pupils. Thus it appears that nationally and locally, as reported in newspapers, about half of the molestations by teachers are homosexual.

References: Psychological Reports, 2002, 90, 173-174.
Homosexual Parents

Authors: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: Does the homosexuality of parents affect the sexual orientation or experiences of their children? Seventeen of 5,182 randomly obtained adults from six U.S. cities answered questionnaires indicating that they had a homosexual parent. Parental homosexuality may be related to findings that: (1) 5 of the 17 reported sexual relations with their parents; (2) a disproportionate fraction reported sexual relations with other caretakers and relatives; and (3) a disproportionate fraction: (a) claimed a less than exclusively heterosexual orientation (47%); (b) indicated gender dissatisfaction; and (c) reeported that their first sexual experience was homosexual. Of 1,388 consecutive obituaries in a major homosexual newspaper, 87 of the gays who died had children and registered a median age of death of 47 (the 1,267 without children had a median age of death of 38); 10 lesbians did and 24 did not have children. We estimate that less than 1% of parents are bisexual or homosexual and that < 7% of gays and about a third of lesbians are parents.

References: Adolescence, 1996, 31(124), 757-776.
“Definitive” University of Chicago Sex Survey Overestimated Prevalence of Homosexual Identity – Thursday, February 02, 2006

Authors: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: The 1994 University of Chicago “definitive” survey of adults estimated prevalence of homosexuality among males at 2.8% and among females at 1.4%. Corrected for the exclusion of those over the age of 59 years, the estimates should be 2.3% and 1.2%.

References: Psychological Reports, 1998, 82, 861-862.
Did the APA Misrepresent the Scientific Literature to Courts in Support of Homosexual Custody?

Authors: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: In 1994, American Psychological Association amicus briefs informed two state Supreme Courts that (a) homosexual parents are not more apt to have homosexual children; (b) lesbians “score significantly higher than heterosexual parents” on a measure of parental effectiveness; and (c) no differences between the children raised by homosexuals and nonhomosexuals had been found “regardless of the geographic region within the United States where the children were raised.” In fact, the evidence from these briefs  shows to the contrary that (a) homosexual parents are more apt to have homosexual children; (b) the findings on parental effectiveness consisted of 15 fathers being less verbal than 45 mothers; and (c) the finding of no differences between homosexually and heterosexually raised children consisted of investigators visiting 11 states to test 89 offspring of 83 lesbian vs. 81 children of 69 nonlesbian volunteers. The APA’s support for gay rights in these briefs may have violated its own ethical principles that “psychologists base their statements on scientifically acceptable psychological findings and techniques with full recognition of the limits and uncertainties of such evidence” and that psychologists must “provide thorough discussion of the limitations of their data, especially where their work touches upon social policy” (APA, 1981).

References: The Journal of Psychology, 1997, 131(3), 313-332.
The Longevity of Homosexuals: Before and After the AIDS Epidemic

Authors: Paul Cameron, William L. Playfair, and Stephen Wellum

Summary: Although the U.S. Surgeon General characterized homosexual sex as “normal” and “healthy,” homosexuals and IV drug abusers have suffered disproportionately from the AIDS epidemic. Longevity is often utilized as a measure of health. How long did homosexuals live before the AIDS epidemic and how long do they live today? We examined 6,737 obituaries/death notices from eighteen U.S. homosexual journals over the past thirteen years and compared them to obituaries from two conventional newspapers. The obituaries from the non-homosexual newspapers were similar to U.S. averages for longevity: the median age of death of married men was seventy-five, 80 percent died old (65 or older); for unmarried men it was fifty-seven, 32 percent died old; for married women it was seventy-nine, 85 percent died old; for unmarried women it was seventy-one, 60 percent died old. For the 6,574 homosexual deaths, the median age of death if AIDS was the cause was thirty-nine irrespective of whether or not the individual had a Long Time Sexual Partner [LTSP], 1 percent died old. For those 829 who died of non-AIDS causes the median age of death was forty-two (41 for those 315 with a LTSP and 43 for those 514 without) and < 9 percent died old. Homosexuals more frequently met a violent end from accidental death, traffic death, suicide, and murder than men in general. The 163 lesbians registered a median age of death of forty-four (20% died old) and exhibited high rates of violent death and cancer as compared to women in general. Old homosexuals appear to have been proportionately less numerous than their non-homosexual counterparts in the scientific literature from 1858 to 1993. The pattern of early death evident in the homos
Homosexuals in the Armed Forces

Authors: Paul Cameron, Kirk Cameron, and Kay Proctor

Summary: To assess possible morale and recruiting problems that might be associated with changing the military policy against admitting or retaining homosexual practitioners, a national systematic area-cluster sample of 4,340 adults and a Dallas sample of 842 were given a questionnaire concerning (1) feelings about nudity before homosexuals and heterosexuals, (2) military service and kind of discharge, (3) sharing communal facilities with homosexuals, (4) having a homosexual commanding officer, (5) having to depend upon a homosexual while under attack, (6) whether a change in policy would affect advice regarding joining the military, and (7) their opinion of current military policy. Consistent with other studies on the issue, 31% of homosexual versus 4% of heterosexual men reported less than honorable discharges. About three-quarters of the sample reported that, when disrobed, they were averse to being seen by homosexuals. About two-thirds of the men who had served, a majority of men who had not served, about a third of the women, and a minority of homosexuals felt that homosexuals should be excluded from or discharged from the military.

References: Psychological Reports, 1988, 62, 211-219.
Gay Obituaries Closely Track Officially Reported Deaths from AIDS

Authors: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: The age distribution of AIDS deaths of males who have sex with males [MSM] was estimated from obituaries in the Washington Blade, a gay newspaper. Statistics from the 2003 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Supplemental Report are highly congruent with deaths of MSM due to AIDS from these obituaries. Death due to AIDS in old age was most frequent for heterosexuals and least frequent for MSM who were drug abusers. Obituaries in the Washington Blade are thus consistent with and may be representative of deaths due to AIDS among MSM. The latest CDC report tends to strengthen the overall finding based upon obituaries: that the lifespan of MSM is shortened two to three decades by AIDS and, possibly, other causes.

References: Psychological Reports, 2005, 96, 693-697.
Effect of Homosexuality Upon Public Health and Social Order

Authors: Paul Cameron, Kirk Cameron, and Kay Proctor

Summary: Are homosexuals “not dangers to society” and is homosexuality “compatible with full health”? To answer these questions 4,340 adult respondents drawn via area probability sampling from 5 metropolitan areas of the USA self-administered  an extensive sexuality/public order questionnaire of over 500 items. Bisexuals and homosexuals (about 4% of the sample) as compared to heterosexuals: (1) more frequently exposed themselves to biological hazards (e.g., sadomasochism, fisting, bestiality, ingestion of feces); (2) exposed themselves sexually to more different bodies (e.g., more frequently admitted to participating in orgies, reported considerably larger numbers of sexual partners); (3) more frequently reported participating in socially disruptive sex (e.g., deliberate infection of others, cheating in marriage, making obscene phone calls); and (4) more frequently reported engaging in socially disruptive activities (e.g., criminality, shoplifting, tax cheating). From the standpoints of individual health, public health and social order, participating in homosexual activity could be viewed as dangerous to society and incompatible with full health.

References: Psychological Reports, 1989, 64, 1167-1179.
Do Homosexual Teachers Pose a Risk to Pupils?

Authors: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: Questionnaires were completed by 5,182 adults derived from one-wave area cluster samples in 6 metropolitan areas: 56% of homosexuals and 18% of heterosexuals reported having had a homosexual teacher; 12% of the men and 4% of the women said that the teacher made sexual advances toward them. A fifth of those with a homosexual teacher said they were influenced to regard homosexuality as socially acceptable; 4% said that the teacher influenced them to try homosexuality. About 1% of the sample reported that, as pupils, they had sexual relations with at least one of their elementary or secondary teachers. Eight respondents reported their first sexual experience was with an elementary or secondary teacher and that one of these experiences was homosexual. Of 49 other reported sexual experiences with teachers, 12 were homosexual. The findings that homosexuals more frequently claimed to have had homosexual teachers and more frequently reported homosexual sex with teachers tend to fit the contagion model of homosexuality — that homosexuality is taught by or caught by sexual interaction with homosexual practitioners.

References: The Journal of Psychology, 1996, 130(6), 603-613.
Reply to Hauck, et al. Concerning Nonsexual Household Transmission of HIV in Zaire

Author: Kirk Cameron

Summary: CDC researchers mishandle statistical evidence and overstate case against casual transmission of HIV. Reassessment by Hauck, et al. is statistically inappropriate.

References: Psychological Reports, 1990, 66, 329-330.

What Proportion of Newspaper Stories About Child Molestation Involves Homosexuality?

Authors: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: Do homosexuals disproportionately molest children? A survey of 8 of the nation’s newspaper news stories of child molestation during the first 9 months of 1995 showed that about 40% of child molestation stories in the major cities involve homosexuality. An Internet survey of FirstSearch for 1989 through 1995 indicated 46%, and of Newsbank for 1990 through 1995 60% of molestations were homosexual. About half of teachers, day care workers and other professionals caught molesting children assaulted them homosexually. It is argued that large unbiased sets of newspaper news stories appear to approximate the figures for incidence of child molestation by those occupying a newsworthy status but overreport homosexual molestation in general.

References: Psychological Reports, 1998, 82, 863-871.
Child Molestations by Homosexual Foster Parents: Illinois, 1997-2002

Author: Paul Cameron

Summary: Do those who engage in homosexuality disproportionately sexually abuse foster or adoptive children as reported by child protective services? Illinois child services reported sexual abuse for 1997 through 2002. 270 parents committed “substantiated”  sexual offenses against foster or subsidized adoptive children: 67 (69%) of 97 of these mother and 148 (86%) of 173 of these father perpertrators sexually abused girls; 30 (31%) of the mothers and 25 (14%) of the father perpetrators sexually abused boys, i.e., 92 (34%) of the perpetrators homosexually abused their charges. Of these parents 15 both physically and sexually abused charges: daughters by 8 of the mothers and 4 of the fathers, sons by 3 of the mothers, i.e., same-sex perpetrators were involved in 53%. Thus, homosexual practitioners were proportionately more apt to abuse foster or adoptive children sexually.

References: Psychological Reports, 2005, 96, 227-230.
Numbers of Homosexual Parents Living with Their Children

Author: Paul Cameron

Summary: Those contending for the ‘normalcy’ of homosexuality claim there are 800,000 to 7 million homosexual parents raising between 1 and 9 million children. The 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, a nationally representative sample of 12,321 ages 18 through 59 yr., reported about 416,000 parents — most of whom were married — living with children under the age of 17 yr. who reported same-sex “vaginal, oral, or anal sex” in the past 12 months. Two random-sample surveys suggested that there are fewer than half a million homosexual parents, and a total sample of 14,000 mothers in Avon suggests in fewer. Thus, it is likely that fewer than 500,000 homosexual parents live with fewer than 750,000 children under 18 yr.

References: Psychological Reports, 2004, 94, 179-188.
Did the American Psychological Association Misrepresent Scientific Material to the U.S. Supreme Cour

Authors: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: On January 31, 1986, the American Psychological Association (APA) file an amicus curiae brief with the U.S. Supreme Court favoring constitutional protection for consensual sodomy. The APA claimed that: (1) the Bell, Weinberg, and Hammersmith survey found that “62% of heterosexual men reported that their first sexual experience was with another male; 39% of homosexual men reported such experience,” (2) “data do not support” a linkage between childhood homosexual activity and sexual orientation, and (3) “there are no empirical data to support the popular myth that homosexual orientation or behavior results from ‘contagion’ by other homosexuals.” It is judged that, in violation of standards for scientific reporting, the Bell, et al. finding was pulled out of context so that if favored the APA position, and the studies the APA cited in this section of the brief were either contrary to, nonsupportive of, or did not bear upon the APA’s contentions. Professional scientific organizations have a special obligation to (a) be accurate in representations to the U.S. Supreme Court and (b) adhere to accepted standards of scholarship in their use of citations.

References: Psychological Reports, 1988, 63, 255-270.
Does Homosexual Activity Shorten Life?

Authors: Paul Cameron, Kirk Cameron, and William L. Playfair

Summary: Previous estimates from obituaries and pre-1994 sex surveys suggested that the median age of death for homosexuals is less than 50 yr. Four contemporary databases were used to test that estimate: (1) obituaries in the homosexual press from 1993 through 1997 reflected treatment success for those with AIDS but suggested a median age of death less than 50 years; (2) two large random sexuality surveys in 1994 — one in the USA and the other in Britain — yielded results consistent with a median age of death for homosexuals of less then 50 years; (3) the median age of those ever married in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway was about 50 years, while that of the ever homosexually partnered was about 40 yr.; further, the married were about 5 times more apt to be old and 4 times less apt to be widowed young; and (4) intravenous drug abusers and homosexuals taking HIV tests in Colorado had almost identical age distributions. The four lines of evidence were consistent with previous findings suggesting that homosexual activity may be associated with a lifespan shortened by 20 to 30 years.

References: Psychological Reports, 1998, 83, 847-866.

Homosexual Parents: Why Appeals Cases Approximate the “Gold Standard” for Science — A Reply to Dunca

Authors: Paul Cameron and Kirk Cameron

Summary: Unlike the unverifiable claims of volunteers in studies of homosexual parenting, an alert ex-spouse is ready to testify as to the falsity of any claim by the other spouse in custody proceedings. Further, a greater variety of professionals are involved in getting at the “truth.” We argue that examination of an unbiased corpus of such appeals cases is far more apt to reflect the underlying “reality about homosexual parenting than studies performed on volunteers.

References: Psychological Reports, 1999, 84, 793-802.
Green, Mandel, Hotvedt, Gray, and Smith’s Study of 50 Lesbian Mothers and Their Children

Authors: Paul Cameron, Kirk Cameron, and Thomas Landess

Summary: The 1986 study of 50 lesbian mothers by Green, et al. may be the most influential concerning homosexual parenting. However, after setting standards for — and noting preliminary evidence of — gender identity confusion in 1980 and 1982, confirmatory findings in 1986 were not included in the report’s abstract and conclusions. Numerous discrepancies in different published accounts of this study — including number of subjects and how subjects were matched and analyzed — cannot be reconciled. The earliest reports were not cited in the final report which led to treatment in the literature as separate studies. The inconsistencies between the published accounts are substantive and numerous enough to recommend that the authors issue a complete and detailed report of the study.

References: Psychological Reports, 2001, 88, 1223-1234.
Errors by the American Psychiatric Association, the American Psychological Association…

Authors: Paul Cameron, Kirk Cameron, and Thomas Landess

Summary: In October 1995, consortiums of psychiatric and educational professional organizations, including the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association and the National Educational Association, submitted amicus briefs to the U.S. Supreme Court asserting that the scientific literature unequivocally supports the following propositions: (a) that homosexuals, including homosexual teachers, do not disproportionately molest children, (b) that children of homosexual parents are not more likely to become homosexuals, (c) that professionals agree that homosexuality is not a pathology, and (d) that homosexual attractions are biologically or genetically predetermined and are therefore beyond the control of the individual. The first two contentions are inconsistent with the scientific literature, and the second two grossly oversimplify a contentious and uncertain literature.

References: Psychological Reports, 1996, 79, 383-404.
Homosexual Sex as Harmful as Drug Abuse, Prostitution, or Smoking

Authors: Paul Cameron, Thomass Landess, and Kirk Cameron

Summary: In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court said same-sex sexual activity could not be prohibited by law. Analyzing data from the 1996 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse (N = 12,381) and comparing those who engaged in four recreational activities — homosexual sex, illegal drug use, participation in prostitution, and smoking — against those who abstained, participants (1) were more frequently disruptive (e.g., more frequently criminal, drove under the influence of drugs or alcohol, used illegal drugs, took sexual risks), (2) were less frequently productive (e.g., less frequently had children in marriage, more frequently missed work), and (3) generated excessive costs (e.g., more promiscuous, higher consumers of medical services). Major sexuality surveys have reported similar findings for homosexuals. Societal discrimination inadequately accounts for these differences since parallel comparisons of black and white subsamples produced a pattern unlike the differences found between homosexuals and nonhomosexuals.

Reference: Psychological Reports, 2005, 96, 915-961